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''Looking Backward'' is a utopian novel by Edward Bellamy, a lawyer and writer from western Massachusetts. First published in 1888 (Ticknor and Company Copyrighted the work in 1887), it describes a young man, named Julian West, who falls asleep in 1887 and wakes up in 2000 to find the USA has become a socialist utopia. In the first years of its release, ''Looking Backward'' sold more than 1 million copies. More than 160 Nationalist Clubs formed to propagate the book's ideas. Many authors wrote utopian fiction to attack, support, ridicule, or defend Bellamy's ideas. Scholars count over 150 sequels or other fictional responses to Bellamy's book.〔Kenneth M. Roemer, ''The Obsolete Necessity: America in Utopian Writings, 1888–1900'', Kent, OH, Kent State University Press, 1976; pp. 186-207.〕〔Richard Toby Widdicombe, ''Edward Bellamy: An Annotated Bibliography of Secondary Criticism'', New York, Garland, 1988.〕〔Lyman Tower Sargent, ''British and American Utopian Literature, 1516–1975: An Annotated Bibliography'', Boston, G. K. Hall, 1979.〕 This list focuses on works that (to various extents) use the same setting or characters as ''Looking Backward'', and was derived from several sources.〔G. Claeys ''Late Victorian Utopias: A Prospective'', (Pickering and Chatto, London, 2008), J. Pfaelzer, ''The Utopian Novel in America 1886-1896: The Politics of Form'', (University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 1984), K. Roemer, ''The Obsolete Necessity: America in Utopian Writings, 1888-1900'', (Kent State University Press, Kent, 1976), K. Roemer, ''Utopian Audiences, How Readers Locate Nowhere'', (University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 2003), C.J. Rooney, ''Dreams and Visions: a study of American utopias, 1865-1917'' (1997), F. Shor, ''Utopianism and radicalism in a reforming America, 1888-1918'', (Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut, 1997), and especially L.T. Sargent ''British and American Utopian Literature, 1516-1985: An Annotated, Chronological Bibliography'' (Garland Publishing, New York, 1988).〕 ==Directly 'anti-Bellamy' responses== * Bachelder, J., ''A.D. 2050. Electrical Development at Atlantis'' (1890) * Harris, G. ''Inequality and Progress'' (1897) (assumes Bellamy advocated an absolute equality of goods ) * Michaelis, R.C., ''Looking Further Forward: An Answer to "Looking Backward" by Edward Bellamy'' (1890) * Roberts, J.W., ''Looking Within: The Misleading Tendencies of "Looking Backward" Made Manifest'' (1893) * Sanders, G.A., ''Reality: or Law and order vs. Anarchy and Socialism, A Reply to Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward and Equality'' (1898) * Satterlee, W.W., ''Looking Backward and What I Saw'' (1890) * Vinton, A.D., ''Looking Further Backward'' (1890) * West, J. (), ''My Afterdream'' (1900) * Wilbrant, C., ''Mr. East's Experiences in Mr. Bellamy's World'' (1891) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of sequels to Looking Backward」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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